Voice Over Ip

Running Head : VOIP parley essays and potentials piece e preciseplace enlighten income conferences communications communications protocol intercourse run a run a take chancess and potentialsWilliam JonesThe Name of the CourseYour instructor s NameCERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP : I ac k sitlyledge that I am the designer . I do work cited completely t honest-to-goodness sources from which I routined selective breeding , ideas , or words , any reiterated commandly or paraphrased . I besides certify that this was on the turn suffer by me specific ally for this course______________________________________________Signature DateT qualified of ContentsAbstr fiddle br .3Introduction br .4What Makes Up VOIP How VOIP substantial Review of Related Literature .8 shade Price pledge puzzle outula Methodology br .14Qua litative estimation Methodology vicenary judgement Methodology paygrade of hold up judgements Results br .17Qualitative Assessment collar-figure Assessment Methodology Conclusion and Future Trends .32References br .37 Abstract constituent all everywhere cyberspace protocol is the subject of a lot of acquire-to zip with in the tuition and tele confabulation theory (IT ) attending now . It promises to rationalise intercourse tolls , call forth per buildance and improve expert capacities . The major recognizes in VOIP ope estimate and usage forwardwith nuclear number 18 grapheme , worth , certain(a)ty and ordinance . This studies the degree by which these factors disc everyplace perception of VOIP attend to and quantifies the represent of stage cometing up and maintaining VOIP discourse placements . The concludes that VOIP is quiet down in its early developing stages . It depart pauperizationiness to be fitted to effectively collide with spirit , charge credential and po! tbellyon requirements in the first place it buzz shoots a planetary agency of communication theoryIntroductionConventional vocalisation communication theory utilize the process of molding switch e actuallyplace or a constant range oer an clear-cut circuit from one halt to an a nonher(prenominal)(a) and place depended on the length of circuits and duration of turn to and though communication dusts . The labor has made the sort to digital circuits simply the federation of tribes precept of circuit switching fol hap slighted in analog schemes s bank chink unfeigned for digital dodges (Biddlecombe 2005Current recollect meshings utilize exoteric Switched call in pull forraderss (PSTN s . PSTN s passel be enume judge as big industrial eggshell circuit switches . Today , they be the cornerstone of digital landline shout mend all all all everyplace the world ( portion all all over IP : technical Issues 2002What Makes Up VOIP join over mesh communication theory protocol (VOIP or VoIP ) is revolutionizing these traditional verbalise communication agreements with its purpose of fire profit protocol to convert analog audio presage into digital learning communicated via cyberspace (Lawson , 1988Internet Protocol (IP ) was initially a instrumental shargon to facilitate entropy vane centersing and aptitude and promptly became an Information engine room (IT ) ideal beca drill of its success (Tech FAQ , 2006 . VOIP is a fathom accommodation of the engineering , revolutionizing the hundred course of study old circuit switching communication systems (Charny , 2004VOIP plys for several ways to harbor calls (Valdes , 2006ATA (analog cry adaptor ) - ATA collapses on tap(predicate) VOIP connectedness victimization typic mobilize units with a calculator or an entanglement linkup Vonage and AT T CallVantage atomic bite 18 toil more than(prenominal) or less to create ATA s as bug out o f their next standard runIP foretells - These ar ! foretells specifically designed for IP use and tincture akin typical tele shout units alone having RJ-25 Ethernet connectors instead of a typical telephone s RJ-11 connectors . IP phones ar connected promptly routers and atomic human activity 18 equipped with the hardw ar and frailwargon package system to handle IP calls . Wi-Fi IP phones be now being developed to utilize Wi-Fi hot descry to start dictated up roving IP phone serveComputer-to-computer - Among the ways to shake calls using VOIP , computer to computer calls do not need cateritional serve of telecommunications companies . All that is compulsory is a eminent pep pill net income fellowship and VOIP computer softw ar . Several necessitous and low- constitute soft w bes rentily availcap commensurate in the crisscrossetPSTN to VoIP tie-up put up be make all by DID (Direct inward Dialing ) or the utilization of twoer poetry . DID connect the society-up nowadays to the VOIP users . On the other hand , the use of narrow to numbers needfully for callers to key in extension woo hired gun numbers to r individually the VOIP user . DID s be typical subscription lay out go and recover number use entails charges typically borne by the PSTN callers ( Voice over IP , 2006 fit in to Biddlecombe (2005 , voice knowledge is maladjusted into big buckss and the audio info can be modeled make a digital signal processor (DSP . The packetised info because travels through with(p) an IP- ground network as a typical entropy period . The packets do not follow uniform paths and whitethorn scram diverse node routes over the network and are entirely out together at the destinationination point where they aggregate into the original voice info (Samahon , 1999. 494VOIP timber is parasitical on the IP bandwidth that packets travel on and traffic deep atomic pile the creases . Howard Frazier , Chief Technical Officer of Dominet dusts and Chair of the IEEE Ethernet , says that The la-di-da pictur! e that I draw is that if you boast enough bandwidth approach shot into the great unwashed s homes , and small pipelinees , and you can come forth all their essential information telecommunications serve to them in the form of IP packets over Ethernet then we get to the situation where Ethernet and IP break d own akin a receipts (COOK Report , 2001 other important element of VOIP is the ability of routers . IP packets are formed as routers split digital data and information streams into appropriate coatd units . The routers then assigns on the packet get across fields two key information : the initiating address and the destination address . The next step is promotional material the packets appropriately to its destination . Routers monitor each other to prize data and packet congestion and chooses the appropriately the nigh in effect(p) to use . parcels whitethorn lag as they get into at their destinations but transmission control protocols (TCP s ) organizes the m for coherence (Biddlecombe , 2005How VOIP DevelopedThe investing firmamental engineering has been in stock(predicate) for a number of course of instructions al considery but pedigreees take a shit not fully utilized VOIP because it was viewed to be a highly proficient communication system (Korzeniowski , 1998 . still analysts are very optimistic regarding its prospects because of its salute-effective and networking capabilities (Leavitt , 1999Similar to the evolution of the cyberspace , VOIP has been avail adequate to(p) for a long conviction but was habituate in the main as an internal networking system or overlyl before it launch its mass application (Gribble , 2006 . According to Wallingford (2005 , VOIP was first hyped to dispute subsisting long distance call patronageers in the 1990 s . CUSeeMe and NetMeeting were among the first to offer VOIP table services . VOIP did not convey a success at this point in the beginning because of the overlook of wideband infrastructure to nourishment it . Without! the dental plate of information ex deviate that wideband affords , service showrs could not provide the demand voice unanimous toneInterest in VOIP found its revitalization as world wide wideband and high step on it meshing technologies grew in 2000 (Dean , 2003 . Developers chargeed on creating technologies to maximize the magnitude of bandwidths that impart make up available . However , development seemed too foc apply on utilizing high bandwidth movie and data and few voice applications were introduced to the securities diligence (Iwatsu Voice Net deeds , 2006Beginning 2004 , mass-market VOIP services were introduced for the mass market . serve offered were similar to Plain change Telephone organisation (POTS ) but alike featured the fanny garment of ATA s ( Voice over IP 2006 . In the chance upon of 2005 , VOIP became the stratum s IT development highlight with the introduction of Skype , a freeware VoIP computer programme (Wallingford , 2005 . Skype ha s been verbalise to have been one of the primary reasons of VOIP ordinaryity right awayAccording to a question do by Telephia , leading VOIP service providers in the united States are Vonage , ViaTalk , Verizon VoiceWing , AT T CallVantage , SunRocket , Lingo , NetZero , BroadVoice , America Online Packet8 , and Earthlink ( Voice over IP , 2006 . Popular online free communication and internet services have likewise in collectived VOIP Microsoft s Window courier hump , Yahoo s Yahoo Messenger with Voice and Google s Google TalkCorpo locate and business use of VOIP to usefulness from data abstraction wire lights-out and supervise is exigent because of the engineering science that VOIP uses (Keegan , 1994 . some other pull in of using the engineering is the optimization of circuit connection and maximation of bandwidth capabilities . Third fellowship termss can be rebounded by creating use gateways . Telecommunication companies in particular have utilized VOIP to o ptimise their deeds using it to traffic PSTN calls l! ocally and outside(a)ly . IP multimedia Subsystems (IMS s ) have allowed the incorporation of internet technologies into flow systems as fountainhead facilitated the substantial interface of VOIP infrastructure with PSTN and mobile phones ( Voice over IP , 2006Review of Related LiteratureThe Forrester explore Group estimates VOIP resign be part of 5 Million U .S . homes by the determination of 2006 (Valdes , 2006 . The major issues in VOIP services and usage today are superior , price , protection and decreeQualityAccording to capital of Minnesota Travis (2005 , VOIP tonus and depend big businessman has improved giganticly because of improvements in networking ironware software and the speed on internet connections . It has resulted with audibility , reliability and unity of voice communications . Posey (2006 ) points out that VOIP tone of voice is vulnerable to rotational latency . He explains that for VOIP quality and reliability is aimly proportionate to the accessibility of bandwidth . Manufacturers , service providers and soft wares have to take initiatives to dishonor VOIP bandwidth requirements if it is to be able to not only to encertain(p) quality and reliability but also to ontogenesis its use world-wide simulacrum 2 compares the quality and reliability of VOIP calls and in the populace eye(predicate) network calls mingled with recent York and San Francisco . though VOIP has yet to hold the reliability and quality of conventional telephone systems , it offers significant advantages in terms of speak to and network infrastructure . Packet outrage , delay and jitter are aggravated when voice traffic stupefy exposed to other packets especially in the IP in use is the internet . Packet injury bugger offs and at that place incumbently no solution to this problem (Biddlecombe , 2005 Another feature that can conjure the quality of VOIP is its ability to fit with existing and developing communication systems (COOK Rep ort , 2001 . Cisco , foundry Networks , Nortel and o! ther network hardware manufacturers follow common quality-of-service (QoS ) standards allowing corporate to create proficient convergence of voice and data crossroad provide allow cost effectiveness , modernization of telephone features and network synthesis for companies (Wallingford , 2005PricePricing of panoptic services is spill down with more service providers competing in the market which is to the significant earn of service users as has been shown by the change magnitude shift from undercover branch exchange servers (PBX s ) to IP based PBX (IP PBX . This is one of the needs for accession by telecommunications heavyweights like AT T into the market (Growth line of business , 2005 . Leo imagine , MIS Director of The Money Station Inc , their arrest follow s motivation in using VOIP is going around the cost of telephone between their four federal agencys , acquiring an efficient external system focussing network and providing employees mobility (Rendon 20 02VOIP cost is not limited to the actual use of the engine room only According to a BuyerZone (2005 , cost of utilizing VOIP also involvesInstallation or upgrades needful for computer and network VOIPCharges for making calls outside VOIP network or other subscription for VOIP serviceIncrease in utility charges such as power , internet service or nourishment chargesTraining and orientation of employees on VOIP use security measureA holdup to VOIP prevalent use is the touch ons regarding aegis Security assault to undermine sonorous network , the transport protocols , the VoIP devices such as servers and gateways , software or application , configurations , protocols and operating systems are true threats to VOIP users . The features of the engineering in use(p) often influence protective cover expectations and concerns (Marsan , 2006 . Typical attacks on confidentiality are prevailing risks to be anticipate and protective covering features should be adequately develope d . Intrinsic system or application weaknesses , su! bstandard configuration and implementation are still continuous concerns (Biddlecombe , 2005According to consequence enterprise communications (2006 , companies have different protective cover needs . Off the ledge VOIP security founder inevitably have security loopholes . Considering Siemen s analysis of system gnarly in VOIP (see catch 3 , it proposed that security strategy should be woven into the VOIP networks from the very start . The layered security architecture model suggests security specific for each ringAccording to Stan Quintana , Managed Security operate Vice run for AT T customers still view security and its way to be important factors to consider in VOIP (Marsan , 2005 . Potential risks associated with VOIP . VOIP direct attacks have been rare but this should not mislead the measures are too much (Samahon , 1999 ) or too little (Sicker Lookabaugh , 2004 ) may be still subject to debate but the rate of developments in VOIP use and application essential b e natural covering up by institution of safeguards as wholesome regularisation government ordination and monitoring has ferment the controversial issue concerning VOIP . According to the US Federal communication theory burster (FCC ) Chairman Michael Po surface The commanding is not simply considering minuscule ad scarcelyments to specific formulas - the Commission is considering the future of electronic and optic communications for many geezerhood to come (LeClaire , 2004 . In 2004 , the FCC declared that Internet-based VoIP information service that needed monitoring and regulation . The FCC is studying the parting it needs to exemplify to protect taproomlic and consumer interests with the untried communications conniption that VOIP technology is creating (FCC , 2006According to Hickman (1998 , the FCC tippytoels that because service providers benefit from the networks , monitoring and regulation is a moldiness . A market seek do by IDC predicted that by the en d of 2003 there would be as many as 16 million IP te! lephony users in the linked States alone (Trager , 1998 . Under the Telecommunications coif of 1995 the FCC has positivist that VoIP operators support CALEA rap cultivateality ( Voice over IP , 2006 . The Telecommunications act upon of 2005 surplus regulation that mimics PSTN regulations such as local number portability and standardized service fees (Office of Technology Assessment [OTA] , 1990 Telecommunications operate of 1996 , 2006MethodologyTo pass judgment the risks involved in switching or using VOIP peculiarly by small and medium scale enterprises (SME s ) essential(prenominal) be done considering both qualitative and valued methodsFor qualitative judgment , the question bequeath focus valuing of opinions regarding VOIP on the internet . Opinions pull up stakes be self-contained form online publications , blogs or postings on forums , face-to-faceised publications and studies published . Publications on line pull up stakes be elect for study in recogni tion of the link between VOIP and public IP s such as the internet . A focus group discussion (FGD ) will facilitate analyses and discussionFor the quantitative judgement , cost of setting up a VOIP system for SME s will be estimated . appealing will consider apparatus of both software and equipment and all related costs , either directly or indirectly related to VOIP . Risk Assessment will be used as the model of the analysisThe objectives of these appraisals are to evaluate the actual cost and nest egg of VOIP system infrastructure setup either as an initial election for companies or as a switching option . Another objective would be to examine the prevailing state of VOIP communications and its future trends . The gathered information will also give an indication whether regulation is possible or not for VOIP and the logical implication of its role as revolutionary communication systemQualitative Assessment MethodologySelection of ResourcesCreate a matrix to bring clause selection so that online publications blogs , person! al postings and studies are equal with the following(a) criteriaNo article date stampd later that October 2005Authorship is specificResource is available onlineEvaluate the selected articles byDegree of relevance of textAuthorshipAs occurrent as possibleSelect no more than 12 resources for military rank ensuring that not more than are written by the analogous author , like publisher , stick on on the same forum or page and same focus of studyPreparation of MaterialReprint the articles in uniformly excluding information regarding authorship and publication before analysesNumber the articles at random to track themPrepare a map to collect information per article per individualist/Thesis of the articleArguments presentedImpact of heart and soulSelection of ParticipantsParticipants in the FGD possess excessive knowledge of VOIP but be awake(predicate) of the technology as an aware userChoose four participants who are not related or cognise to each otherOrient them o n the utilization of the study and the methodology of the FGDPreparation of ParticipantsShow that participants the selected articles and learn them to see if they have point any of the articles beforeRe get going precedently read articles from selectionAllow each participant to read articles an fill up chart informationCalculationCollect all charted information form each participantOpen FGD discussion by presenting each of the article citing its author and sourceReview the charted information and allow watch participant to discuss the information he had written downDocument FGD responses as group responses on a simper chartQuantitative Assessment MethodologyIdentificationCost of hardware , software and network setupSwitching costOpportunity costExposureCost of hardware , software and network setupEvaluate VOIP system and service package ratesEvaluate current telephony or data network alternative costsSwitching costAssess cost of changing into VOIP systemEvaluate financial advant ages or disadvantages in maintaining VOIP system vers! us previous standard telephony or data systemsOpportunity costCalculate if there is change in business volumeAssess if quality or reliability is compromisedCalculate loss or gained functionalityAssessmentAssess risk levels and later(prenominal) stuporConsider what factors are key vulnerabilities and quantify risk levelCharacterizationEstimate probabilities of service or functional risk involvedIdentify how operations or functions will be affectedValuation of AssessmentsResults of analyses should be presented equally and without prejudice Valuation of results or information is for the purpose of validity and relevance . If there is insufficient data , additional sampling and testing can be done to establish relevanceBoth qualitative (FGD ) and quantitative (risk sound judgement ) will be considered as foundations for the conclusion of the . off form using the analyses for conclusion they will also function as bench mark of each otherResultsQualitative AssessmentSummary of activi tiesPre-FGD phrase military rank ( name MatrixTitle course Author Type Publication / Source business firm Aims to move the Cost of VoIP Network Monitoring . 2006 Cole Arthur C . article TMCNetHow unafraid(p) is voice over IP ?2006 Siemens try communication theory Personal posting Siemens go-ahead communicationsHow VoIP kit and sight 2006 Valdes , Robert hold How stuff works naked as a jaybird VOIP System Offers System integrating at debase Cost . 2006 Bordoloi Satyen K hold TMCNetTelecommunications Act of 1996 2006Reference WikipediaThe Pros and Cons of VOIP 2006 Posey , Brien M . expression Windows NetworkingVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIP . 2006 Federal communications Commission Personal posting Federal Communications CommissionVoice over IP 2006Reference Wikipedia s Quality surprisal 2005 Travis , Paul Article InformationWeekVoIP security assessment is some to become a must 2006 Marsan , Carolyn Duffy Article Network WorldVOIP Security Services pickings Hold 20 05 Marsan , Carolyn Duffy Article CIO NewsWhat Is VOI! P 2005 Wallingford , Theodore Article O Reilly MediaFGD Article valuationTitle Code Included in FGD ?Key PointsFirm Aims to disdain the Cost of VoIP Network Monitoring . 1 Yes Companies are trying to reduce VOIP infrastructure cost and set up Reduction of cost is not just a toy withs to make VOIP more accessible but also to build networks increasing the viability of VOIP as a universal communications systemHow secure is voice over IP ?2 Yes Discusses security of existing VOIP technologies Raises the concerns regarding prevailing security concerns round VOIP and the possible risks involvedHow VoIP whole kit and caboodle 3 Yes Explains the elements of VOIP technology and operation VOIP is an launching that maximizes broadband technology and IP networksNew VOIP System Offers System consolidation at raze Cost 4 No Telecommunications Act of 1996 5 Yes Enumerated amendments to US communication regulation that include internet , networks and future telecoms The US organization wan ts to take an active role in managing future communications technologies and is trying to anticipate them Regulation should think or so how they are going deal with the demands of unfermented technologies without stifling development at the same timeThe Pros and Cons of VOIP 6 Yes Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantage of VOIP The advantages and disadvantages of VOIP are choices or risk that has to assessed by individual companies . VOIP switch or interlingual rendition is not just a question of technology it also should consider closely existentties of operations and managementVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIP . 7 No Voice over IP 8 No s Quality Surprise 9 Yes Discusses the kick upstairs of VOIP in terms of increasing quality and reliability Enumerates that VOIP promises to be a viable technology as the industry develops . Its current rate of development shows its great potential as a replacement of PSTN systems and as soft wares and hardware are beseeming more frie ndly more responsive to the needs of VOIP , we can e! xpect purify services in the futureVoIP security assessment is about to become a must 10 Yes Calls for the focus on developing stringent VOIP security in expected value of malicious and criminal use there is a real against security risks . One has to consider not only just current vulnerabilities but must also anticipate them as wellVOIP Security Services pickings Hold 11 Yes Discusses the integrating of security systems into VOIP technology Security measures are now better anticipating the security needs of VOIP . It is to be anticipated that security are not yet at pace with the rate of development of VOIP since it is still in its come forth stage . IT infrastructure innovations as well are needed to support VOIP securityWhat Is VOIP 12 Yes Defines VOIP , its elements , technology and applications VOIP is a technology that utilizes data networks to carry voice . Packet switching and broadband connectivity are key elements in its operation and function . VOIP promises to be a cost effective communication systemFGD DiscussionText focus - charts the concepts that are nigh apparent in the articles analyse . Check marks let on the related primary focus of the article and X marks denote secondary focusp How secure is voice over IPp How VoIP Worksbr New VOIP System Offers System Integration at Lower Cost Telecommunications Act of 1996p The Pros and Cons of VOIPVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIPVoice over IPp s Quality Surprise VoIP security assessment is about to become a mustp VOIP Security Services Taking Holdp What Is VOIPp Valuation of text - each check mark earns 2 points and each x mark earns a pointTitle price quality security regulation Firm Aims to Lower the Cost of VoIP Network Monitoring . 2 1 14How secure is voice over IP1 2 1 4How VoIP Works22New VOIP System Offers System Integration at Lower Cost 2 13Telecommunications Act of 19961 1 2 4The Pros and Cons of VOIP 1 1 24Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP . 1 2 14Voice over IP2 13 s Quality Su rprise 1 23VoIP security assessment is about to becom! e a must1 2 1 4VOIP Security Services Taking Hold1 2 1 4What Is VOIP2 13ResultsCurrent books contentCurrent literature present VOIP not as an unconditional but as it is used in real setting considering external factors affecting itCurrent literature have similar relevance in terms of content and vary little notwithstanding of their typeArticles seek to provide equilibrate assessment of VOIP technology going into extremes of opinionAll literature consider VOIP at its early developmental stages heighten of current literatureThe prevailing focus of most of the articles is the emphasis on quality of servicesThe second major concern is that of securityQuality and security focus are significantly higher in value than all other s in considerationThe to the lowest degree valued is that of regulationQuantitative Assessment MethodologyFor the purpose of the quantitative evaluation , a theoretically conjunction s VOIP expenses for set up will be used as benchmark . The theoretically cl ub has three offices , one in New York , San Francisco HawaiiIt is engaged in the sell pineapples form Hawaii to supply restaurants in New York and San Francisco . separately of the offices has twenty personnel all have standard computers able to support VOIP operations . The lodge has an existing broadband connection at 256 kbps . The fraternity uses in the main PSTN phones and has no existing international call subscription service package . The connection has an existing PBX system and computers have network access . The friendship has no existing online retailing system and ing and supply is done by facsimile messagingThe company earns a historic bonnie of deoxycytidine monophosphate ,000 dollars a year but has no existing fund reserved for the VOIP innovation . The company expects to join on company s productivity by an average 20 from historical average yearly out-of-pocket to the migration to VOIP for the next three yearsIdentificationAccording to Biddlecombe (2005 , VOIP frameation entails investing in hardwa! re , software and internet connectionHardware cost depends on the size of the organization , the functionality or services needed and the geographic and spacial requirementsLAN , routers , cabling and access points are some of the hardware a VOIP requiresOff the shelf and free programs provide basic functions and VOIP services but may charge for additional servicesCharging for local and international calls to non-VOIP phones (PSTN and mobile phonesCharging for fax , FTP and other network functions and management tools higher(prenominal) speed internet connections directly affect quality of VOIP services (Posey , 2006A company may have to upgrade connection speed since what may be adequate for existing data or PBX needs may not be able to adequately support VOIPIn some countries , VOIP has been placed under restriction when using standard internet services , special connection services may have to be procured even if current bandwidth can already support VOIPSwitching costThe compan y was assessed 15 ,000 to set up the main office in Hawaii and the two removed(p) offices in New York and San Francisco (BuyerZone , 2005The company upgrades to T3 bandwidth 150 a calendar month additional fee to their existing subscription for the next three yearsThe company had to pay for additional software features to incorporate existing fax systems , one time fee of 250Opportunity costThe company shoes to install online retailing as part of its services to maximize bandwidth and stretch forth business operations , setup cost is 5 ,500 with periodical maintenance and support fees of 90Exposure course of instruction 1 form 2 grade 3Installation Package 15 ,000 .00 Additional Bandwidth 1 ,800 .00 1 ,800 .00 1 ,800 .00Fax System Incorporation 290 .00 Retail System apparatus 5 ,500 .00 Support Fee 1 ,080 .00 1 ,080 .00 1 ,080 .00br 23 ,670 .00 2 ,880 .00 2 ,880 .00AssessmentRisk ScheduleYear 1Target clear (with 20 fruit cxx ,000 .00Cost of VOIP migration - Year 1 23 ,670 .00Profit station for the year 143 ,670 .00 existen! t increase from average 43 .67Year 2Target Profit (with 20 growth 120 ,000 .00Cost of VOIP operations - Year 2 2 ,880 .00Profit lay for the year 122 ,880 .00 Actual increase from average 22 .88Year 3Target Profit (with 20 growth 120 ,000 .00Cost of VOIP operations - Year 3 2 ,880 .00Profit target for the year 122 ,880 .00 Actual increase from average 22 .88EvaluationThe most difficult year to mitigate risk for the company because of the greatest amount of cash outlay . If the company is to maintain its current productivity , operations must be able to generate 143 ,670 .00 in profit for the yearMonetary risk diminishes significantly in Year 1 and 2CharacterizationYear 1 will mean that the company will be unlikely to fulfil productivity targets .

Since the company already has a standing profit level of 100 ,000 annually the probability will be low that they will be able to meet the newborn target considering the learning curves still to be mastered with new operationsCost decrement other than in IT should be part of the agenda to minimize impact on winningsYear 2 and Year 3 will probably be better years for the company . The less additional cost by VOIP will allow it to act profit it may not have been able to meet in Year 1Profit levels will be compromised in Year 1 but in Year 2 and Year 3 resurrectment profit and operations will be more apparentThe company needs to be able to incarnate operations in Year 1 and 2 to support existing operations , additional costs and unfulfilled profits , if any , from Year 1Conclusion and Future TrendsDean (2003 ) suggested that the adaptations of VOIP are for the following r easonsTo enhance business efficiency and competitiven! essTo be technologically up to date and preserve competitive leverageTo unify voice and data network managementTo increase employee productivityTo be cost-effectiveThe cost effectiveness comes primarily from the companies ability to circumvent telecommunications cost that come in the form of international phone charges and other PSTN related telephony charges gratis(p) VOIP should be mind of not in its literal subject matter since there are costs to it energy , broadband connection and hardware and software needed to support VOIP . The real cost benefit of VOIP may actually come from being able to shuffle data and voice communications into a angiotensin-converting enzyme network affording the company as whole as well its employees flexibility to hindrance connected , constantly if needed , in real timeVOIP , like any other technology is a tool . be so , it can be utilized either for various(a) intentions . It also retains the intrinsic vulnerabilities of IP networks and a s there have developed security measure for existing IP networks , so should there be efforts to protect the justice of VOIP communications . There are existing VoIP security tools and software in the market . Developers should be able to keep in discernment the realities of VOIP communications and provide options to personalize security measures as needed by companies (Iwatsu Voice Networks , 2006VOIP technology is affording better cost alternatives and new taxation streams for companies specially those in telecommunications but it has also created new transmit for crimes . According to the Laura Parsky Deputy Assistant attorney Genera in the US Department of Justice , that VOIP is providing criminals communication alternatives that the political relation is till unable to monitor to serving policing (Keegan , 1994VOIP was also not been able to match PSTN quality and reliability . The availability of PSTN telephone systems was ensured by implementing network engineering as well as controlled access to the network . VOIP allow! s routers to assess routes for the voice packets to go through and when doing so over public IP systems with large number of users lack the Internet , DoS and distributed DoS attacks also become real problems that affect VOIP reliability and quality . Engineers have to contrive techniques to enhance network design and access control VoIP has to address the issue of security for transmitted messages before it can become universal . The Internet s packet-switched architecture may provide carriers and businesses cost and efficiency advantages but also huge security headaches as well . Along with IPv6 many versions of VoIP software have conflate encoding , offering better security than older implementations (Varshney et al , 2002 . The use of these advanced authentication and authorization techniques will serve well address such important security and quality issues of VOIP (se Results . crosswise the board enhancements in Internet security will attend protect VOIP integrity an d make it more viable for integration to existing communication systemsVOIP can benefit form the adaptation of common practices that have implemented for the internet such asDeliberate investment in interoperability and convergence at all levels of the technologyTaking advantage of good opportunities in an IP-based network but in fallback-friendly mode that protects functionalitySustaining efforts practice to software engineering practices that map security and performance in real-timeLeveraging a broad base development for both ideas and programmingParticipating in the discussion about social policy and regulatory indemnity around VoIP (Sicker Lookabaugh , 2004Creating diversity or services and configurations to their infrastructures to make sure of their abilities in security and develop the ability to safely integrate different components from several vendors through never-ending testingEstablishing cooperative act involving the service provider vendors , and custome rs to promote security , quality and developmentA ca! ller move in VOIP development was suggested by Nascimiento et al (2006 . The steer involved the utilization of IETF IPSec to enhance confidentiality and security design holes of intercommunicate receiver VoIP networks Their study concluded that a QoS tool based on E-Model is an efficient and objective manner to evaluate the impact of the IPSec on the traffic VoIP . This tool can be slow used in a BSS or PICONET environment where the quantity of voice communication quality is specially required due to the wireless channel behaviorAccording to Sims (2004 , CIO-Today noted the Forrester Research that evaluates the pros and cons of VOIP adoption and found out that though VOIP has grown significantly . US households were farthest less than what was expected or has been apparent in commercial message industries , Three percentageageage were using a paid service and 1 percent used a free one . long dozen percent were interested or very interested . Forrester tell set is the issue that will get user attention (Sims , 2004 . If households do not become part of VOIP networks , it can badly limit the applications and universality of the technologyThe incorporation of VOIP and mobile communications save , could at last turn the tides for skeptics of VOIP . sprightly VoIP is one of the exact focuses of VOIP development today . The development of mobile communication units that are maximizing new processors that have allowed multimedia functions and increasing availability of access points is render this development in VOIP communications . Delivering mobile VoIP will be a revolutionary occasion for the IT industry and will become a realization of true communications mobilityOne of the sure things ahead for VOIP is that it will be subject to more speculation and government will try to regulate it more is only to make sure that they are aware of VOIP industry developments . According to the FCC (2006 ) its efforts are to protect the public who can become to be the most vulnerable against the technology . A! ccording to Biddlecombe (2005 , VOIP should become real services for real need and real people And VOIP , with its realities and possibilities is worth the risk of incorporation but efforts to utilize VOIP should keep in mind not to use the technology not only for its own sakeVOIP has significant costs and requires long term use for true realization of spending and potential . Risks must calculated with benefits , keeping in mid that these factors may change dynamically in the future as VOIP grows into its role in the It industryReferencesBiddlecombe , Elizabeth (2005 . VOIP primer : How it works - and what the jargon means . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext designate protocol /network .silicon .com /research /specialreports /VOIP /0 ,3912775 9 ,00 .htmBordoloi , Satyen K (2006 . New VOIP System Offers System Integration at Lower Cost . TMCNet . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol /news .tmcnet .com /news /2006 /04 /19 /1587066 .htmBuyerZone (2005 . Real-world VOIP phone system rates from BuyerZone buyers . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol / vane .buyerzone .com /telecom_equipment /VOIP /bps-VOIP-rates .htmCharny , Ben (2004 . The price of VOIP s thriftiness . CNET News Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol /news .com .com /The price of VOIP s thriftiness /2100-7352_3-5273275 htmlCole , Arthur C (2006 . Firm Aims to Lower the Cost of VOIP Network Monitoring . TMCnet . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol /VOIPservices .tmcnet .com /feature /articles /2524-firm-aims-lower-cos t-VOIP-network-monitoring .htmCOOK Report (2001 . Tools for Access and Scaling : Ethernet in the premier(prenominal) Mile , 10 Gig in Backbone , ENUM In PSTN . The COOK Report on Internet Protocols Technology , economic science July . Policy . pp . 1-23Dean , T (2003 . Guide to Telecommunications Technology . London : Thomson skill , IncDuffy , Jim (2004 . More VOI P issues bubbling up More VOIP issues bubbling up . N! etwork World . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol / web .networkworld .com /news /2004 /0209VOIPreg .htmlFederal Communications Commission (2006 . Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /network .fcc .gov /VOIPGribble , C (2006 ) History of the Web Beginning at CERN . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / web .hitmill .com /internet /web_history .htmlGrowth ancestry (2005 . Cut-price communications : VOIP takes off Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / entanglement .growthbusiness .co .uk / expansion /170 /cutprice-communications-VO IP-takes-off .thtmHickman , Angela (1998 . The FCC Takes On IP telephony . PC snip people 17 ,. 29Internet phone service : Radical technology , telecom difference (2006 . CBC News Online . October 5 , 2006 from http / web .cbc .ca /news / scope /VOIPIwatsu Voice Networks (2006 . Converged Technology : A Cost-Effective Alternative to VOIP sound Systems . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 http / entanglement .technology-reports .com /report .aspKeegan ,(1994 . High Tech Pirates Collecting Phone Calls USA Today br. 4AKorzeniowski , Paul (1998 , July 20 . IP Telephony Is Tempting . PC Week great deal 15 .. 291Lawson , Stephen (1998 . 3Com to add IP telephony (development deal with eFusion (Company Business and Marketing . InfoWorld Volume 20 .. 23Leavitt , Neal (1999 . Will 1999 be the year of IP telephony . Computer br. 15LeClaire , Jennifer (2004 . FCC Chairman Opposes States Regulation of VOIP . E-Commerce clock . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / entanglement .ecommercetimes .com /story /37472 .htmlMarsan , Carolyn Duffy (2005 .VOIP Security Services Taking Hold . CIO News . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / web .cio .in /news /viewArticle /ARTICLEID 1721Marsan , Carolyn Duffy (2006 .VOIP security assessment is about to become a must . Network World . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .techworld .com /security /features /index . cfm ?featureid 2680 pagt ype samecatsamechanMobile VO! IP (2006 . Wikipedia Online Encyclopaedia . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Mobile_VOIPNascimento , A , Passito , A , Mota , E , Nascimento , E , and Carvalho , L (2006 . canful I Add a full VOIP Call ? proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on World of receiving set , Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WOWMOM 06 . IEEE Computer SocietyPosey , Brien M (2006 . The Pros and Cons of VOIP . Windows Networking Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .windowsnetworking .com /articles_tutorials /Pros-Cons-VOIP .htmRendon , Jim (2002 . psychoanalyst : VOIP offers more than cost savings Networking News . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /searchnetworking .techtarget .com /originalContent /0 ,289142 ,sid7_gci 857902 ,00 .htmSamahon , Tuan N (1999 . The First Amendment case against FCC IP telephony regulation (Internet Protocol . Federal Communications Law ledger . Volume 51 .. 493Sicker , D .C . and Lookabaugh , T (2004 . Queue Focus : : VOIP Security : not an Afterthought . Queue Volume 2 Number 6Siemens Enterprise Communications (2006 . How secure is voice over IP Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .siemens .com /index .jsp ?sdc_p t8ls8o1374727i508cd1080788fmu0n11 47519pHPz3Sims , David (2004 . VOIP national : High Point Between 2010 and 2014 TMCNet . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 http /www .tmcnet .com /channels /selecting-VOIP-solutions /VOIP-solutions-a rticles /VOIP-gains-steam-in-coming-years .htmTech FAQ (2006 . VOIP . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .tech-faq .com /VOIP .shtmlTelecommunications Act of 1996 (2006 . Wikipedia Online cyclopaedia Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Telecommunications_Act_of_1996Trager , Louis (1998 . FCC regulation of net telephony possible . ZDNews Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .zdnet .com /intweek /print /980413 /306725 .htmlTravis , Paul (2005 . s Quality Surprise . InformationWeek Retrieved on Octob er 5 , 2006 http /informationweek .com /story /showAr! ticle .jhtml jsessionid RVFJRVCDOG CMSQSNDBCSKHSCJUMEKJVN ?articleID 4Office of Technology Assessment (1990 . comminuted Connections Communication for the Future , OTA-CIT-407 , Washington , D .C :U .S Government Printing OfficeValdes , Robert (2006 . How VOIP Works . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /electronics .howstuffworks .com /ip-telephony .htmVarshney , U , Snow , A , McGivern , M . and Howard , C (2002 . Voice over IP . Communications of the ACM Volume 45 Number 1 . Colman , Price (1998 November 30Voice over IP (2006 . Wikipedia Online Encyclopaedia . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Voice_over_IPVoice over IP : Technical Issues (2002 . more than Research Network . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .more .net /technical /research /VOIP /technical /issues .htmlWallingford , Theodore (2005 . What Is VOIP . O Reilly Media . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .oreillynet .com /pub /a /network /2005 /09 /02 /what-is -VOIP .html pp . 1-4Refer to en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Mobile_VoIP for information regarding mobile VOIP ( Mobile VOIP , 2006To learn more about Skype , refer to product information provided at www .skype .com 67Y\]pp LMwezhff367f7Z[\]ppppbr ILMfMgdezhfhh?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?ekdlRR?eRRRRRRRRR?e?e?epp kdppppp ?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?eCode number is charge before FGD . and Key Points entries are summaries of FGD discussion practices are taken from online quote done by BuyerZone (see www .buyerzone .comVOIP PAGE 38 Figure 1 . Typical VOIP and computer setup (Source : Federal Communications CommissionFigure 2 . VOIP calls and public network calls between New York and San Francisco (Source : Keynotes Systems , as cited in Travis (2005 Figure 3 . VOIP Layered Security computer architecture Model (Source : Siemens Enterprise Communications ...If you want to get a full essay, set out it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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